Hamad v. Security National Insurance Company (2026 ONSC 1983)

The claimant appealed the Tribunal’s decision that she was not an insured person, and therefore not entitled to accident benefits. The claimant’s son was involved in an accident. The claimant sought benefits under a policy issued to her brother. To prove entitlement, the claimant needed to show that she was dependent on the brother. The Tribunal concluded that the claimant had sufficient financial means to cover at least half of her expenses, and that the relationship between the claimant and her brother was not one of financial dependence. The Court dismissed the appeal, holding that the Tribunal applied the correct legal test and considered the evidence submitted by the parties.

Abu-Ain v. Security National Insurance Company (2026 ONSC 1494)

The claimant appealed the Tribunal’s decision that he was not an insured person under the Security National policy and was therefore not entitled to accident benefits. The claimant suffered a catastrophic impairment when he was injured in an uninsured vehicle. He applied to Security National for accident benefits under a policy issued to his aunt and uncle on the basis that he was a dependant. Security National commenced a priority arbitration against the Fund. In the interim, Security National adjusted the claim, and certain benefits were denied. When a LAT dispute was commenced, Security National requested a preliminary issue hearing on whether the claimant was an insured person. The Tribunal held that the claimant was not an insured person and dismissed the LAT application. The claimant appealed, arguing that the Tribunal should not have heard the preliminary issue decision while the priority dispute was pending. The Court agreed and reversed the Tribunal’s decision. The Court held that it was an abuse of process to determine the insured person issue while the priority dispute was pending. The Tribunal failed to consider the interplay between a priority dispute and the claimant’s entitlement to benefits, and the importance of the “pay pending dispute” aspect of the SABS and the priority rules. The Tribunal’s approach left the catastrophically injured claimant without benefits, even though he was entitled to receive the benefits from one of the two insurers involved in the priority dispute.

Certas Home and Auto Insurance Company v. Okenge (2026 ONSC 1189)

The insurer appealed the Tribunal’s decision that the claimant was an insured person due to dependency for care on his sister. The claimant was 19 years old at the time of the accident, which occurred in Nebraska. The claimant moved to Canada from Uganda when he was 14 years old and lived with his sister for a few years, before moving to Oklahoma to high school and then Nebraska for university. He was living in a student residence when the accident occurred. The Tribunal concluded that the claimant was principally dependent for care on his sister because he maintained her address as his mailing address and returned to her home during holidays and summers; the sister acted like a parent to him, the sister Facetimed with the claimant frequently; the claimant’s mother was unable to provide support and was mostly absent; the claimant never lived independently in his own residence or supported himself financially. The Court dismissed the appeal, holding that the Tribunal applied the proper test and legal principles, and applied those principles to the evidence.

Wais v. Coachman Insurance Company (2025 ONSC 5595)

The claimant appealed the Tribunal’s decision that he was not insured under the Coachman policy due to the policy being cancelled, and that Coachman was not required to open a claim. The Court dismissed the appeal, holding that the Tribunal correctly found that the claimant was not an insured under the policy, and it was therefore not required to accept the claim. The Court held that the Supreme Court’s decision in Zurich v. Chubb was not applicable, because that case related to a dispute with two active policies.

Gayle v. TD General Insurance Company (22-0050088)

The claimant’s husband was allegedly struck by a vehicle insured by the insurer on December 8, 2020. The claimant and her husband were not insured. The claimant sought accident benefits for psychological injuries resulting from the incident. The insurer denied her claim, stating she is not an “insured person” under section 3(1) of the SABS and raised a preliminary issue of whether the claimant was an insured person involved in the “accident” as per the SABS. The insurer argued that accident benefits only extend to named insureds, specified drivers, spouses, or dependents of the named insured under s. 3(1), and since the claimant did not fall into any of these categories, she was not covered. The claimant contended that she should qualify based on her husband’s catastrophic impairment and that excluding spouses of insured individuals from coverage would be discriminatory. The LAT ruled that the definition of an “insured person” under section 3(1) is clear and applies only to those explicitly named on the policy. In answer to the question of whether the claimant was involved in an accident involving the insured vehicle, the LAT concluded that the claimant was neither involved in nor witnessed the accident and that her impairments were causally connected to caring for her injured husband, rather than the accident itself. As such, the claimant was found ineligible for accident benefits, and her application was dismissed.

C. B., T.G.B. and B.G.B v Belair Direct Insurance Company (22-002265)

The issue revolved around the family of the accident victim, JG, who was deemed psychologically catastrophically impaired as a result of witnessing her friend being struck and killed by a vehicle. JG’s spouse and children applied for accident benefits claiming they had suffered psychological injury as a result of JG’s psychological impairments. The claimants applied under the definition of an “insured person” pursuant to section 3(1)(a)(ii) of the SABS. The insurer contested this, noting that JG did not sustain a physical injury in the accident. The claimants submitted various evidence regarding the alleged psychological injuries that they had sustained post-accident; however, Adjudicator Kaur was unable to find any specific diagnosis or clear indication of psychological injury in the records. The records of the accident victim, JG, detailed various psychological issues, but the medical evidence provided did not make reference to an objective physical injurie sustained as a direct result of the accident. Adjudicator Kuar concluded that as JG did not sustain any physical injury in the accident, the claimants were not considered to be insured persons pursuant to the SABS. The Application was dismissed.

D.I. v. TD General Insurance Company (19-013437)

The claimant was a minor whose father was involved in an motor vehicle accident. The claimant was autistic and was largely cared for by his mother. The father and mother separated years prior to the accident. The father was a listed driver on his mother-in-law’s insurance policy with TD. The claimant applied for accident benefits under the TD policy. TD argued that he was not entitled to benefits as he was not an insured person in relation to the TD insureds, and due to the lack of evidence that the father’s accident caused the claimant a psychological injury. Adjudicator Lake found that the claimant did not prove a psychological injury caused by the accident. The medical records submitted showed that the claimant’s function was largely the same before and after the accident. Adjudicator Lake also found that the claimant was not principally dependent for care or for financial assistance by the TD insured. Instead, it was the claimant’s mother who the claimant was principally dependent for both care and financial assistance.

Bustin v. Economical Insurance Company (20-007017)

The claimant sought entitlement to accident benefits after witnessing a fatal collision on October 13, 2019. He claimed that he had been involved in the accident and was an “insured person” as defined in the SABS. The claimant had been sitting on the porch of his aunt’s home when two vehicles struck one another in a head-on collision, killing two occupants in one of the vehicles. He claimed that he had witnessed the deceased pair being extracted from their vehicle and covered with white cloth. He argued that he had been involved in the accident because he had developed psychological injuries as a result of witnessing the accident. Adjudicator Norris found that the claimant was not involved in the accident and was therefore not an “insured person” under the SABS. He noted that witnessing the accident and its aftermath did not constitute being involved in an accident. In addition, Adjudicator Norris found that the claimant was not entitled to claim for “nervous shock” under the SABS because he had not been related to anyone involved in the accident. The claimant’s application for benefits was dismissed.

E.J. v. Economical Insurance (20-008287)

The minor claimant was the daughter and sibling of family members involved in a serious accident. The claimant was not herself in the vehicle at the time. The claimant applied for accident benefits, but the insurer denied the application arguing that the claimant was not in an accident. Vice Chair Lake agreed that the claimant was not involved in an accident, but that she was an insured person. The claimant was a dependent of her father. Her father suffered physical injuries as a result of the accident. The claimant suffered psychological injuries as a result of her father’s injuries. The claimant was therefore entitled to accident benefits as an insured person. A treatment plan for psychological treatment was awarded. An claim for lost educational expense was not awarded because it was not incurred prior to the accident.

Chen and Chen v. Travelers Insurance Company of Canada (20-007653 and 20-007658)

The claimants’ daughter was involved in an accident in Ontario. The claimants resided in China at the time. They moved to Canada to assist their daughter with her recovery. They applied for accident benefits under the daughter’s policy. The insurer argued that the claimants were not insured persons at the time of the accident. Adjudicator Watt agreed with the insurer. The claimants were required to show that the were principally dependent on the daughter for financial assistance at the time of the accident. Adjudicator Watt held that the evidence submitted by the claimant was insufficient to prove dependency. There was insufficient evidence of the claimants’ access to their daughter’s bank account, or that they withdrew funds on a regular basis, or that they required the funds for their own financial needs. The claimants did not provide admissible evidence regarding the cost of living in their home town (Chengdu, China). Adjudicator Watt criticized the claimants’ failure to put forward affidavit evidence from either the themselves or their daughter regarding the financial relationship. As a procedural matter, Adjudicator Watt excluded three documents from the hearing because they were not disclosed by the claimants to the insurer in accordance with the Case Conference Order, and had only first been provided as part of the claimants’ submissions.