In this case, a lawyer, Brunning, allegedly defamed another lawyer, Wallbridge. Brunning was practicing “in association” with the Williams law firm. The Williams firm brought a summary judgment motion to dismiss the claim, on the basis that it was not vicariously liable for Brunning’s alleged defamation. The motion court granted the motion. On appeal, the Ontario Court of Appeal reversed on the basis that this was a novel and important area of law and that it ought to be decided at trial on a full record.