Yatar v. TD Insurance Meloche Monnex (2021 ONSC 2507)

The claimant appealed and sought judicial review of the Tribunal’s decision that her claims were barred by the limitation period. The Court dismissed both the appeal and the judicial review. The Court explained that statutory appeals are limited to strict questions of law, and the claimant had failed to identify an error of law on which to appeal; rather, she was appealing on a question of mixed fact and law, which were not subject to the statutory appeal. Judicial review, on the other hand, was a discretionary remedy that was only to be granted in exceptional circumstances. The Court noted that the Legislature had intended to restrict matters on which the Tribunal could be reviewed, and acknowledged that the Tribunal’s reconsideration process weighed in favour of a more limited right to judicial review. Again, the nature of the alleged error – being one of mixed fact and law – meant that the Court was to be highly deferential, and only intervene if the error is so serious as to constitute an error of law.

Siklis v. Aviva Insurance Canada (19-007597)

The claimant applied to the LAT to dispute several treatment plans. At the case conference, the insurer raised two preliminary issues: (1) whether the claimant was statute barred from pursuing his claim for medical benefits due to the two year limitation; and (2) if not, whether the claimant was precluded from proceeding with his claim for assistive devices due to non-attendance at insurer examinations. Adjudicator Lake found the claimant was statute barred from proceeding with his claim for entitlement to the medical benefits sought because his application was filed outside the two year limitation. The insurer had partially denied two of the treatment plans and denied the treatment plan for the assistive devices. The claimant did not dispute the sufficiency of the insurer’s denials. The claimant submitted that his application was filed on June 18, 2019 but provided no evidence to support this submission. The insurer submitted that the application was filed on June 24, 2019 with evidence by way of correspondence. The claimant requested the Tribunal exercise s.7 of the LAT Act to extend the limitation period. The claimant cited the Tribunal’s reconsideration decisions that Adjudicator Lake noted were currently under appeal to the Divisional Court. Adjudicator Lake indicated there was no direction in those cases yet on the issue from a court on the applicability of s.7 of the LAT Act and whether it conferred jurisdiction to the Tribunal to extend the limitation period. Adjudicator Lake further noted that she preferred the determination in earlier cases that found s.7 of the LAT Act did not apply to the limitation period in the SABS because the SABS is a regulation rather than an Act.

R.L. v. Intact Insurance Company (18-005036)

The claimant sought reconsideration of a decision in which she was statute barred from disputing her claim for NEBs. The claimant argued that the original decision erred in law because: (1) it found that a capacity assessment should take place or be investigated within the appeal limitation period; (2) it found the total delay was a factor in extending the limitation period; (3) it failed to appreciate the evidence in regard to the issues of capacity, bona fide intention to appeal and the length of the delay; (4) it failed to analyze and make a ruling or give adequate reasons on the issue of prejudice, or alternatively it erred in law by concluding there was prejudice despite the insurer not making any decisions on the issue in its submissions; and (5) it failed to consider the merits of the underlying appeal. Vice Chair Johal dismissed the request for reconsideration. Vice Chair Johal noted the claimant did not specifically plead Rule 18.2 (d) in her reconsideration submissions but tried to introduce new evidence. The new evidence included additional GP clinical notes and records and a handwritten note indicating the claimant had difficulty sleeping, eating and concentrating. The claimant also submitted GP notes that indicated the claimant’s mother called the claimant’s GP who gave her the number of a hospital because she was unable to help the claimant. The claimant did not provide submissions about whether the new evidence could not have been obtained previously and that it would likely have affected the decision in the original hearing. The insurer argued the new information was improperly submitted and was available at the time of the initial hearing. Vice Chair Johal found the claimant could not introduce new evidence for the first time as part of her reconsideration because the requirement of Rule 18.2(2) was not met. Vice Chair Johal further found even if he were to allow the evidence, he did not find it would have changed the result of the original decision. In regard to whether the original decision disposed of the appeal, Vice Chair Johal agreed with the claimant’s argument and the Tribunal decisions of M.Y. and L.D. where it was held that Rule 18.1 was more expansive and encompassed the decisions that finally disposed of a single issue in dispute rather than the entire appeal application. The original decision was not an interlocutory order. It was a decision that finally disposed of the claimant’s request for NEBs. In regard to the original decision concerning the application of s.7 of the LAT Act for extension of the limitation period, the insurer argued the original decision conducted a detailed analysis of the clinical notes and records for the time period in dispute and discussed whether the issue of mental capacity had been raised or established by medical records during the limitation period. The fact that a mental capacity assessment had not been recommended or completed despite numerous medical appointments was only one factor in the original decision. Vice Chair Johal agreed with the insurer and found he would not have reached a different result of the original decision and no error had been made. The claimant submitted that she was unable to appeal due to her mental incapacity. It was found the original decision weighed the evidence and on a balance of probabilities found there was no bona fide intention to appeal within the appeal period and the evidence did not establish she was unable to appreciate risks and consequences. Vice Chair Johal found no error in the law or fact in the original decision. In terms of length of delay, Vice Chair Johal noted the Tribunal appeal application dated June 1, 2018 did not list NEBs as an issue in dispute. It was not until October 9, 2019 in the amended application that the NEB denial was disputed, which was about 35 months from the expiration of the limitation period. Vice Chair Johal determined 35 months was a significant delay and this factor was not in support of the claimant. There was no error in the result of the original decision. With respect to the merits of the appeal, Vice Chair Johal noted the original decision discussed the merit of the claimant’s appeal. Vice Chair Johal stated in his original appeal that even if he were to agree that the claimant’s case had merit, it would be the only factor that would support the claimant’s request for an extension. The original decision also discussed the justice of the case considering all factors and found there was no bona fide intention to appeal within the normal appeal period, the length of delay of 35 months and prejudice to the insurer and concluded the justice of the case did not warrant extension of the limitation period.

Laszlo v. Economical Mutual Insurance Company (20-001644)

The claimant sought entitlement to benefits and the parties attended a case conference where the insurer raised the preliminary issue of whether the claimant was statute barred from proceeding with her claim for an IRB pursuant to section 56 of the Schedule. Adjudicator Chakravarti determined that the claimant was statute barred and her appeal was dismissed. The claimant argued that there was no proper termination of the IRB due to the insurer’s non-compliance with section 37(5) and 37(6) of the Schedule, and therefore the limitation period was not triggered by the notice of denial on December 1, 2017. The insurer argued that the failure of an insurer to meet the timeline in section 37(6) (i.e. to provide the section 44 assessment reports to the claimant within 10 business days) is a minor error and standing alone it cannot support a finding in favor of the claimant with respect to the limitation issue. Adjudicator Chakravarti found that the late delivery of the section 44 reports did not prejudice the claimant and it was a minor error and not part of ongoing errors by the insurer. Adjudicator Chakravarti also considered the four Manuel factors in determining whether to extend the limitation period (the existence of a bona fide intention to appeal within the appeal period, the length of delay, prejudice to the other parties, and the merits of the appeal). Adjudicator Chakravarti found that the claimant had not persuaded that she had a bona fide intention to appeal within the appeal period and she failed to explain the length of the delay.

Rathakrishnan v. Aviva Insurance Company (19-009539)

The claimant sought entitlement to benefits and the parties attended a case conference where the insurer raised the preliminary issue of whether the claimant was statute barred from proceeding with her claim pursuant to section 56 of the Schedule. Adjudicator Chakravarti found that pursuant to section 56 of the Schedule, the claimant was statute barred from proceeding with her claim for IRBs as she failed to commence her application within the two years after a valid denial from the insurer. The claimant sought relief from the expiry of the limitation period under section 7 of the Schedule. Adjudicator Chakravarti found that after considering all four Manuel factors, the justice of the case did not warrant extending the limitation period.

V.M.L. v. Aviva General Insurance Company (18-001713)

This Request for Reconsideration was filed by the claimant following a decision by the Tribunal that she was statute barred from proceeding with her appeal of the insurer’s refusal to pay an IRB and the Tribunal’s decision not to extend the limitation period by way of section 7 of the LAT Act. Vice Chair Maedel concluded that the claimant was permitted to proceed with her application to dispute the denial of IRBs. Vice Chair Maedel considered the four Manuel factors and found that there was no prejudice to the insurer in a 13-business day delay in filing the appeal. Counsel for the claimant failed to ensure that the appeal was filed in a timely manner, but Vice Chair Maedel determined that this should not prejudice the claimant who maintained a bona fide intention to dispute the denial of the IRB. As a result, the case warranted an extension of the limitation period to allow the claimant the opportunity to dispute the insurer’s denial of her IRB claim.

Raveenthiran v. Aviva Insurance Canada (19-014703)

The preliminary issue in this matter was whether the claimant was statute barred from proceeding with her claim pursuant to section 56 of the Schedule. Adjudicator Lake found that the claim for IRBs could proceed as it was not barred under s. 56 of the Schedule. Adjudicator Lake concluded that the insurer did not deliver the IRB denial letter to the claimant in accordance with section 64 of the Schedule. The letter was deemed by Adjudicator Lake to have been delivered according to the Schedule in February 2020. The insurer failed to prove on a balance of probabilities that the letter was mailed/faxed to the claimant in August 2017. Adjudicator Lake concluded that the insurer failed to comply with section 64(19) of the Schedule as there was no fax confirmation page or fax cover sheet provided and the insurer’s witness had no independent recollection of mailing the letter. As a result, Adjudicator Lake found that the claimant was not statute-barred from proceeding with her application for IRBs to the Tribunal as she filed her application to the Tribunal before the expiry of the two-year limitation period based on the delivery of the IRB denial letter in February 2020.

Alakoozi v. ACE INA Insurance (20-000516)

The claimant sought entitlement to benefits following an accident that occurred on December 15, 2016. At the case conference, the insurer raised the preliminary issue that the claimant was statute-barred from proceeding with his claim under s. 56 of the Schedule because he failed to appeal its valid denial within the two-year limitation period. Adjudicator Chakravarti concluded that the claimant was statute barred from proceeding with his claim for IRBs from July 11, 2017 onwards, but that the claimant could proceed with his claim related to the weekly quantum of IRBs prior to July 11, 2017 as the application was commenced within two years following the denial. Adjudicator Chakravarti found that there were two denials of IRB: the first denial was the denial of ongoing IRB entitlement as of July 11, 2017. The second denial was on March 16, 2018 wherein there was a determination of the weekly quantum of the IRB for the period of time prior to July 11, 2017. The LAT application was filed on January 20, 2020. As the application was filed prior to the expiry of the limitation period, the claimant was not barred from proceeding with his application on the issue of weekly quantum of IRBs prior to July 11, 2017.

Mohammad v. The Dominion of Canada General Insurance Company (20-000007)

The claimant sought entitlement to benefits following an accident that occurred on August 28, 2015. At the case conference, the insurer raised the preliminary issue that the claimant was statute-barred from proceeding with his claim under s. 56 of the Schedule because he failed to appeal its valid denial within the two-year limitation period. A written hearing was scheduled, but claimant’s counsel was removed from the record prior to the deadline for the parties’ written submissions, and the Tribunal did not receive the claimant’s responding submissions by the deadline or hear from the claimant again. The written preliminary hearing proceeded. Adjudicator Boyce found that the claimant was statute-barred from appealing the denial of his claim under s. 56, as he failed to commence his appeal within two years of a valid denial. Adjudicator Boyce found that the insurer’s notice met the Smith requirements and that the claimant failed to provide any evidence or details or any exceptional circumstances or reasons as to why the application was not commenced within the two-year limitation period. Further, he did not offer submissions as to why the Tribunal should exercise its discretion to extend the limitation period under s. 7 of the Licence Appeal Tribunal Act. Despite the lack of communication and participation from the claimant, Adjudicator Boyce was satisfied that the Tribunal facilitated a fair, open and accessible process. Any further delay would offend Rule 3.1(b), which is meant to ensure efficient, proportional and timely resolution of the merits of the proceedings.

Shih v. Economical Insurance (20-005669)

The claimant sought entitlement to Income Replacement benefits and three treatment plans. The insurer raised a limitation defence in accordance with s. 56 of the Schedule. The insurer argued that the claimant failed to challenge the denial of the IRB and two of the three treatment plans within the two-year limitation period. Adjudicator Mazerolle found that the claimant was entitled to proceed with her application for IRBs, but not the two treatment plans. Both parties accept that more than two years had passed between the three denial dates and the filing of the application on May 8, 2020. However, both parties had differing positions on whether the statutory bar under s. 56 applies. Adjudicator Mazerolle found that the claimant was entitled to pursue her claim for IRBs as the limitation period (started by the April 17, 2018 denial) was suspended before the two-year mark due to the COVID Limitations Regulation. Section 2 of that Regulation was clear that any and all requirements to act within a certain period of timeframe within the province of Ontario were suspended as of March 16, 2020. This clear language provided no indication that there was a need to establish the pandemic “contributed or caused” the late filing. Rather, the freeze was automatic, and was in place at the time the claimant filed her application with the Tribunal. Finally, with respect to the treatment plans, Adjudicator Mazerolle concluded that the LAT did not have the authority to use s. 7 to extend the limitation periods for the two treatment plans that were filed following the two-year mark. This point has been debated at the Tribunal, with these competing positions laid out in two often-cited cases: i.e., A.F. v. North Blenheim Mutual Insurance Company and S.S. Certas Home and Auto Insurance Company.